Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) e bakile ts'oaetso ea limilione tse makholo le mafu a limilione ho tloha ha e qala bofelong ba 2019, e leng se etsang hore e be tšohanyetso ea bophelo bo botle lefatšeng ka bophara.Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) o hlahisitse "mefuta e mehlano ea ho tšoenyeha"[1], e leng Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta le Omicron, le mofuta oa Omicron mutant ke mofuta o hlahelletseng seoa sa lefats'e hajoale.Ka mor'a ho tšoaetsoa ke Omicron mutant, matšoao a batla a le bonolo, empa ho batho ba khethehileng ba kang batho ba nang le immunocompromised, maqheku, mafu a sa foleng le bana, kotsi ea ho kula ho tebileng kapa esita le lefu ka mor'a tšoaetso e ntse e phahame.Sekhahla sa lefu la maemo a fetohileng a Omicron, data ea 'nete ea lefats'e e bonts'a hore sekhahla sa ho shoa ha linyeoe se ka bang 0.75%, e leng makhetlo a 7 ho isa ho a 8 ho feta a ntaramane, le sekhahla sa lefu la batho ba tsofetseng, haholo ba fetang lilemo tse 80. khale, e feta 10%, e leng makhetlo a ka bang 100 a feberu e tloaelehileng[2].Lipontšo tse tloaelehileng tsa kliniki tsa tšoaetso ke feberu, khohlela, 'metso o omileng,' metso, myalgia, joalo-joalo Bakuli ba matla ba ka 'na ba e-ba le dyspnea le / kapa hypoxemia.
Ho na le mefuta e mene ea likokoana-hloko tsa ntaramane: A, B, C le D. Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea seoa ke subtype A (H1N1) le H3N2, le mofuta oa B (Victoria le Yamagata).Influenza e bakoang ke kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane e tla baka seoa sa linako tsa selemo le seoa se sa lebelloang selemo le selemo, ka sekhahla se phahameng sa liketsahalo.Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, linyeoe tse ka bang limilione tse 3.4 li phekoloa mafu a kang a ntaramane selemo se seng le se seng[3], 'me liketsahalo tse ka bang 88,100 tsa mafu a amanang le ntaramane li lebisa lefung, e leng karolo ea 8.2% ea mafu a ho hema.[4].Matšoao a kliniki a kenyelletsa feberu, hlooho e opang, myalgia le sefuba se omeletseng.Lihlopha tse kotsing e kholo, tse kang bakhachane, masea, maqheku le bakuli ba nang le mafu a sa foleng, ba atisa ho tšoaroa ke pneumonia le mathata a mang, a ka lebisang lefung maemong a boima.
1 COVID-19 e nang le likotsi tsa ntaramane.
Tšoaetso e kopanetsoeng ea ntaramane e nang le COVID-19 e ka mpefatsa phello ea lefu lena.Phuputso ea Brithani e bontša seo[5], ha ho bapisoa le ts'oaetso ea COVID-19 feela, kotsi ea moea o kenang ka mochini le kotsi ea lefu la sepetlele ho bakuli ba COVID-19 ba nang le tšoaetso ea vaerase ea ntaramane e eketsehile ka makhetlo a 4.14 le makhetlo a 2.35.
Tongji Medical College ea Huazhong University of Science and Technology e phatlalalitse thuto[6], tse neng li kenyelletsa lithuto tse 95 tse kenyelletsang bakuli ba 62,107 ho COVID-19.Sekhahla sa ho ata ha tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane e ne e le 2.45%, 'me har'a eona ntaramane A e bakile karolo e batlang e phahame.Ha ho bapisoa le bakuli ba tšoaelitsoeng feela ke COVID-19, bakuli ba tšoaelitsoeng ke ntaramane A ba na le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le litlamorao tse matla, ho kenyelletsa ho amoheloa ICU, tšehetso ea moea le lefu.Le hoja ho ata ha ts'oaetso ea 'moho e le tlase, bakuli ba nang le ts'oaetso e kopanetsoeng ba tobana le kotsi e kholo ea liphello tse tebileng.
Meta-analysis e bontša seo[7], ha ho bapisoa le B-stream, A-stream e na le monyetla oa hore e tšoaelitsoe ke COVID-19.Har'a bakuli ba 143 ba tšoaelitsoeng hammoho, 74% ba tšoaelitsoe ke A-stream, 'me ba 20% ba tšoaelitsoe ke B-stream.Tšoaetso e kopanetsoeng e ka lebisa ho mafu a tebileng ho bakuli, haholo-holo har'a lihlopha tse tlokotsing tse kang bana.
Patlisiso e mabapi le bana le bacha ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 18 ba ileng ba kena sepetlele kapa ba bolailoe ke ntaramane nakong ea feberu United States ka 2021-2022.[8]hore ketsahalo ea ts'oaetso ea co-co-influenza ho COVID-19 e lokeloa ke tlhokomelo.Har'a linyeoe tsa ho kena sepetlele tse amanang le ntaramane, 6% e ne e tšoaelitsoe ke COVID-19 le ntaramane, mme palo ea mafu a amanang le ntaramane e nyolohetse ho 16%.Sephetho sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba tšoaelitsoeng 'moho le COVID-19 le ntaramane ba hloka ts'ehetso ea phefumoloho e hlaselang le e sa hlaseleng ho feta ba tšoaelitsoeng feela ke ntaramane, mme e supa hore ts'oaetso e kopaneng e ka lebisa kotsing ea mafu a tebileng ho bana. .
2 Litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa ntaramane le COVID-19.
Ka bobeli maloetse a macha le ntaramane a tšoaetsanoa haholo, 'me ho na le ho tšoana ho matšoao a mang a kliniki, a kang feberu, khohlela le myalgia.Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko tsena tse peli e fapane, 'me meriana e thibelang kokoana-hloko e sebelisoang e fapane.Nakong ea phekolo, lithethefatsi li ka fetola matšoao a tloaelehileng a kliniki ea lefu lena, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho fumana lefu lena feela ka matšoao.Ka hona, tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea COVID-19 le ntaramane e hloka ho itšetleha ka ho lemoha phapang ea vaerase ho netefatsa hore bakuli ba ka fumana kalafo e nepahetseng le e sebetsang.
Litlhahiso tse 'maloa tsa tumellano mabapi le tlhahlobo le kalafo li fana ka maikutlo a hore tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea COVID-19 le kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ka liteko tsa laboratoring e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho etsa moralo o nepahetseng oa kalafo.
《Tlhahlobo ea Mohatsela le Leano la Kalafo (Khatiso ea 2020)》[9]le 《Tlhahlobo ea Mokotla oa Batho ba Baholo le Kalafo Tumellano ea Setsebi sa Tšohanyetso (Khatiso ea 2022)》[10]kaofela li hlakisa hore ntaramane e tšoana le mafu a mang a COVID-19, 'me COVID-19 e na le matšoao a bobebe le a tloaelehileng joalo ka feberu, ho khohlela ho omileng le 'metso, tseo ho seng bonolo ho li khetholla ho ntaramane;Lipontšo tse matla le tse mahlonoko li kenyelletsa pneumonia e matla, lefu le matla la ho hema le ho se sebetse ha litho tsa 'mele, tse tšoanang le lipontšo tsa kliniki tsa ntaramane e matla le e mahlonoko,' me e hloka ho khetholloa ka etiology.
《leano le kalafo e ncha ea tšoaetso ea coronavirus (khatiso ea leshome bakeng sa ts'ebetsong ea liteko》[11]o boletse hore ts'oaetso ea Covid-19 e lokela ho khetholloa ho tsoa ho ts'oaetso ea phefumoloho e kaholimo e bakoang ke livaerase tse ling.
Liphapang tse 3 tsa kalafo ea ntaramane le ts'oaetso ea COVID-19
2019-nCoV le ntaramane ke mafu a fapaneng a bakoang ke livaerase tse fapaneng, 'me mekhoa ea kalafo e fapane.Tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko e ka thibela mathata a tebileng le kotsi ea lefu la mafu a mabeli.
Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa litlhare tse nyane tsa limolek'hule tse kang Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola le lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tse kang Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody ente ho COVID-19.[12].
Lithethefatsi tse thibelang ntaramane haholo-holo li sebelisa neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (Abidor) le RNA polymerase inhibitors (Mabaloxavir), tse nang le liphello tse ntle ho livaerase tse tsebahalang tsa ntaramane A le B.[13].
Ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa antiviral ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa kalafo ea 2019-nCoV le ntaramane.Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho khetholla pathogen ka ho hlaka ho tataisa meriana ea kliniki.
4 COVID-19/ Influenza A / Influenza B tlhahlobo e kopanetsweng hararo dihlahiswa tsa nucleic acid
Sehlahisoa sena se fana ka boitsebiso bo potlakileng le bo nepahetseng of 2019-nCoV, livaerase tsa ntaramane A le ntaramane B, mme e thusa ho khetholla 2019-nCoV le ntaramane, mafu a mabeli a tšoaetsanoang a phefumolohang a nang le matšoao a tšoanang a kliniki empa maano a fapaneng a kalafo.Ka ho khetholla pathogen, e ka tataisa nts'etsopele ea kliniki ea mananeo a kalafo a lebisitsoeng le ho netefatsa hore bakuli ba ka fumana kalafo e nepahetseng ka nako.
Kakaretso ea tharollo:
Pokello ea mohlala--Nucleic acid extract--Detection reagent--polymerase chain reaction
Boitsebiso bo nepahetseng: tsebahatsa Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane A le kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane ea B ka har'a tube e le 'ngoe.
E hlokolosi haholo: LOD ea Covid-19 ke likopi tse 300/mL, 'me ea livaerase tsa ntaramane A le B ke likopi tse 500/mL.
Kakaretso e felletseng: Covid-19 e kenyelletsa mefuta eohle e tsebahalang e fetohang, e nang le ntaramane A ho kenyelletsa le H1N1, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, joalo-joalo, le ntaramane ea B ho kenyelletsa mefuta ea Victoria le Yamagata, ho netefatsa hore ha ho na ho fosoa. ho lemoha.
Taolo ea boleng bo ka tšeptjoang: taolo e hahelletsoeng e mpe / e ntle, tšupiso ea ka hare le enzyme ea UDG taolo ea boleng bo habeli, ho lekola li-reagents le ts'ebetso ho netefatsa liphetho tse nepahetseng.
E sebelisoa haholo: e lumellana le sesebelisoa sa PCR se nang le li-channel tse 'ne tsa fluorescence' marakeng.
Ho ntšoa ka mokhoa o iketsang: ka Macro & Micro-TESTSistimi ea "automatic nucleic acid extract" le li-reagents tsa ho ntšoa, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le botsitso ba liphetho lia ntlafatsoa.
Lintlha tsa sehlahisoa
Litšupiso
1. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo.Ho latela mefuta e meng ea SARS‑CoV‑2[EB/OL].(2022-12-01) [2023-01-08].https://www.who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Taolo ea Tlhaloso _ Liang Wannian: Sekhahla sa batho ba shoang Omicron ke makhetlo a 7 ho isa ho a 8 a feberu _ Influenza _ Epidemic _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7098001.html
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, et al.Moroalo oa litherisano tsa bokuli bo amanang le ntaramane ea kantle ho naha ea China, 2006-2015: thuto e thehiloeng ho batho[J].Influenza Likokoana-hloko tse ling tsa ho Phefumoloha, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, et al.Ho shoa ho feteletseng ho amanang le ntaramane Chaena, 2010-15: thuto e thehiloeng ho baahi[J].Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, et al.Tšoaetso e kopanetsoeng ea SARS-CoV-2 le livaerase tsa ntaramane, vaerase ea syncytial ea ho hema, kapa li-adenoviruses.Lancet.2022;399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Ho ata le liphello tse amanang le coinfection pakeng tsa SARS-CoV-2 le ntaramane: tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea meta.Int J E tšoaetsa Dis.2023;136:29-36 .
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Co-infection ea SARS-CoV-2 le likokoana-hloko tsa ntaramane: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea meta.J Clin Virol Plus.2021 Sep;1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, et al.Ho ata ha SARS-CoV-2 le Influenza Coinfection and Clinical Characters HartMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(50):1589-1596.
9. Komiti ea Naha ea Bophelo le Bophelo bo Botle ea People's Republic of China (PRC), tsamaiso ea mmuso ea meriana ea setso ea Chaena.Lenaneo la Tlhahlobo le Kalafo ea Motamo (Khatiso ea 2020) [J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020, 13 (6): 401-405,411.
10. Lekala la Ngaka ea Tšohanyetso ea Mokhatlo oa Machaena oa Bongaka, Lekala la Meriana ea Tšohanyetso ea Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Bongaka, Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Bongaka oa Tšohanyetso, Mokhatlo oa Beijing oa Bongaka ba Tšohanyetso, Komiti ea Litsebi tsa Bongaka ba Tšohanyetso ea Sesole sa China.Tumellano ea Litsebi tsa Tšohanyetso mabapi le Tlhahlobo le Kalafo ea Mofoka oa Batho ba Baholo (Khatiso ea 2022) [J].koranta ea Chaena ea meriana ea tlhokomelo e boima, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. Ofisi e Kakaretso ea Komisi ea Naha ea Bophelo le Bophelo bo Botle, Lefapha le Kakaretso la Tsamaiso ea Naha ea Meriana ea Setso sa Chaena.Tsebiso mabapi le ho Hatisa le ho aba buka ea "coronavirus" ea Tlhahlobo ea Ts'oaetso le Leano la Kalafo (Khatiso ea Leshome ea Teko).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, et al.Tumellano ea litsebi mabapi le kalafo ea antiviral bakeng sa batho ba tšoaelitsoeng ke coronavirus e ncha [J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023, 16 (1): 10-20.
13. Lekala la Ngaka ea Tšohanyetso ea Mokhatlo oa Sechaena oa Bongaka, Lekala la Meriana ea Tšohanyetso ea Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Bongaka, Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Bongaka oa Tšohanyetso, Mokhatlo oa Beijing oa Bongaka ba Tšohanyetso, Komiti ea Litsebi tsa Bongaka ba Tšohanyetso ea Sesole sa China.Tumellano ea Litsebi tsa Tšohanyetso mabapi le Tlhahlobo le Kalafo ea Mofoka oa Batho ba Baholo (Khatiso ea 2022) [J].koranta ea Chaena ea meriana ea tlhokomelo e boima, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Nako ea poso: Mar-29-2024