1. Ntlafatso ea Lefatše ka Bophara ea Epidemiological ea Mpox (ho tloha ka Hlakubele 2026)
Mpox, e bakiloeng ke kokoana-hloko ea Monkeypox (MPXV), e ntse e le bothata bo sa feleng ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara ho sa tsotellehe ho fela ha eona e le Tšohanyetso ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Sechaba ea Matšoenyeho a Machaba (PHEIC) ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Phetiso e tsoelang pele libakeng tse ngata e totobatsa tlhoko eatlhokomelo e tsitsitseng le bokgoni bo tswetseng pele ba ho hlahloba.
Ho tloha ha ho qhoma ha lefu lena la machaba ka 2022, ho tlalehiloe linyeoe tse ka bang 128,000 tse tiisitsoeng ka laboratori le mafu a 281 linaheng tse fetang 130 [1]. Ka 2025 feela, linyeoe tse 50,751 tse tiisitsoeng le mafu a 206 li tlalehiloe ke linaha tse 96, 'me linyeoe tse fetang 90% li etsahetse Afrika. Haholo-holo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone le Uganda li bile le linyeoe tse ka bang 32,000, e leng se totobatsang moroalo o sa lekanang libakeng tse atileng haholo [1].
Li-clade tsohle tse kholo tsa MPXV (Ia, Ib, le II) li ntse li tsoela pele ho potoloha. Ho hlaha le ho ata ha Clade Ib machabeng—ho kenyeletsoa le ho fumanoa ha pele Czech Republic, Israel, Madagascar le Nepal—hammoho le phetisetso e tlalehiloeng sechabeng Fora, Italy le Spain, ho bontšamatla a phetisetso a ntseng a fetoha[1].
2. Lipontšo tsa Bongaka le Liphephetso tsa Tlhahlobo
Mpox e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea litšobotsi tsa bongaka, ho tloha tšoaetsong e se nang matšoao ho isa ho lefu le matla la 'mele. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsafeberu, hlooho e opang, lymphadenopathy, myalgia le mokhathalajj.Lekhopho le ikhethang lea fetoha kamekhahlelo ea macular, papular, vesicular, le pustular pele ho hoholeha ha lehe, 'me e ka kenyeletsasefahleho, maoto, mucosa ea molomo le libaka tsa anogenital.
Leha boholo ba linyeoe li ipehela meeli nakong ea libeke tse 2-4, liphello tse mpe li ka etsahala haholo ho baahi ba kotsing, ho kenyeletsoamasea, basali ba bakhachane, le batho ba nang le sesole sa 'mele se fokolang(mohlala, tšoaetso e tsoetseng pele ea HIV) [2].
Ho eketseha ha lipontšo tse sa tloaelehang le tse bobebe, ho kenyeletsoa le linyeoe tse se nang matšoao, ho baka liphephetso tse kholo tsa tlhahlobo. Sena se totobatsa bohlokoa ba bohlokoa batlhahlobo e bonolo haholo, e tobileng, le e potlakileng ho tšehetsa ho lemoha kapele le ho sitisa liketane tsa phetisetso.
3. Thibelo, Taolo, le Karolo ea Tlhahlobo
Phetiso ea MPXV e etsahala ka litsela tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa ho kopana ka kotloloho le liso kapa maro a 'mele, marotholi a ho hema nakong ea ho kopana haufi nako e telele, phetiso ea thobalano, li-fomite tse silafetseng, le phetiso e otlolohileng.
Mehato ea bohlokoa ea taolo e kenyelletsa:
- -Tlhahlobo e potlakileng le ho arola linyeoe
- -Ho latela batho bao ba kopanang le bona le ho beha leihlo sechabeng
- -Puisano e kotsi le mekhoa ea boits'oaro
- -Ho entoa bakeng sa thibelo ea pele le kamora ho pepesehela
WHO e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho matlafatsa bokgoni ba laboratori le ho kenya tshebetsonglisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa tlhahlobo tse etselitsoeng libaka tse fapaneng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle—ho tloha tlhahlobong e potlakileng e arotsoeng ka libaka ho ea ho li-platform tsa tlhokomelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bohareng[1].
4. Macro & Micro-Teko: Litharollo tse Kopantsoeng tsa Tlhahlobo tse khannoang ke Boqapi ba Theknoloji
Khahlanong le semelo sa thuto ea mafu a seoa a mpox e ntseng e fetoha, Macro & Micro-Test e thehile pokello e felletseng ea tlhahlobo ea liforomo tse ngata, e bonts'ang bokhoni bo matla moralong oa liteko, boenjiniere ba limolek'hule le ts'ebeliso ea phetolelo.
4.1 Liteko tse Potlakileng tsa Immunochromatographic: Teko e Fumanehang ea Sebaka sa Tlhokomelo
Khamphani e fana ka tlhahlobo e potlakileng, e se nang lisebelisoa nakong ea metsotso e 10-20, e tšehetsang liteko tse arotsoeng ka thoko le tlhahlobo e kholo:
- Sete ea ho Fumana Antigen (HWTS-OT079):
- Ho nka sampole habonolo (mokelikeli oa lekhopho/swab ea molomo, serum)
- Moeli oa ho lemoha (LoD): 20 pg/mL
- Kakaretso ea mekhahlelo e pharaletseng (Clade I & II)
- Ha ho na ho kopana ha maikutlo letse tšoananglivaerase
- Tumellano ea peresente e akaretsang (OPA): 96.4% khahlano le liteko tsa ho eketsa asiti ea nucleic (NAATs)
- Kiti ea ho Fumana Li-antibody tsa IgM/IgG (HWTS-OT145):
- Ho nka sampole habonolo (mali a felletseng, serum, plasma)
- E khetholla IgM le IgG ho etsa qeto ea mekhahlelo ea tšoaetso ea mpox
- E loketse lipatlisiso tsa seroepidemiological
Liteko tsena li ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa botsitso (4–30°C, likhoeli tse 24), li sebetsana le lithibelo tsa thepa maemong a fokolang a mehlodi.
4.2 Ho Amplification ea Isothermal (EPIA): Ho Fumana Limolek'hule ka Potlako e Phahameng
Kit ea ho lemoha li-nucleic acid e thehiloeng ho EPIA (HWTS-OT200) e emela tsoelo-pele e kholo tlhahlobong e potlakileng ea limolek'hule:
- LoD: likopi tse 200/mL (e bapisoang le qPCR)
- Nako ea ho ba le tse ntle: ka potlako ho fihlela metsotso e 5
- Teko ea ha ho hlokahala e nolofalitsoe ke li-module tse ikemetseng tsa Easy Amp System
- Sebopeho se lyophilized se nolofalletsang polokelo ea mocheso oa kamore
- Tshebetso ea bongaka: (PPA: 100%, NPA: 100%, OPA: 100%) (Kappa = 1.000)
Habohlokoa, tlhahlobo ha e bontše ho kopana ha livaerase tsa orthopox (smallpox, vaccinia, cowpox) kapa livaerase tse tloaelehileng tsa herpes (HSV, VZV), e leng se bontšang ho hlaka ho hoholo ha tlhahlobo.
4.3 Fluorescence qPCR: Tlhahlobo e Tsebahalang ho Sebetsa ka Bongata, e Tsebahalang ho WHO
Potefolio ea Macro & Micro-Test ea fluorescence PCR e totobatsa ho latela ha eona maemo a machaba le kananelo ea melao:
- HWTS-OT071 (WHO EUL e thathamisitsoe):
- Moralo oa lipheo tse peli o netefatsang ho tiea ho hoholo
- LoD: likopi tse 200/mL
- Ho nka sampole e tenyetsehang ea mokelikeli oa lekhopho, sesepa sa 'metso le serum
- Ho totobala ho hoholo ntle le ho kopana ha lintho tse fapaneng leskokoana-hloko ea mallpox, kokoana-hloko ea vaccinia, kokoana-hloko ea cowpox, kokoana-hloko ea mousepox, kokoana-hloko ea herpes simplex, kokoana-hloko ea varicella-zoster, le genome ea motho, jj..
- Tshebetso ea bongaka: PPA 100%, NPA 99.40%, OPA 99.64% khahlano le tatellano
- Sete ea qPCR e omisitsoeng ka serame (HWTS-OT078):
- E felisa ho itšetleha ka ketane e batang ha e ntse e boloka ts'ebetso
- Kiti ea ho Lemoha ea Orthopox Universal (HWTS-OT072):
- Ho lemoha ka nako e le 'ngoe likokoana-hloko tse 'ne tsa orthopox tsa batho(Ho kenyelelitsoe le Mpox)
- LoD: likopi tse 200/mL
- Ho totobala ho hoholo ntle le karabelo e ts'oanang le likokoana-hloko tse tšoanang
- E fokotsa kotsi ea ho fumana tlhahlobo e fosahetseng 'me e ntlafatsa ho lemoha ho fapaneng
- Vaerase ea MonkeypoxSete ea ho thaepa (HWTS-OT201):
- E nolofalletsa phapang e nepahetseng pakeng tsa Clade I le Clade II
- LoD: likopi tse 200/mL
- Bohlokoa bakeng sa ho latela tlhahlobo ea mafu a seoa le lipatlisiso tsa seoa
4.4 Tatellano ea Genome e Felletseng: Ho Nolofatsa Tlhokomelo ea Genomic le ho Latela Mefuta e sa Tšoaneng
Macro & Micro-Test e boetse e bonts'a bokhoni bo tsoetseng pele ho genomics ea pathogen ka litharollo tsa eona tsa tatellano ea genome eohle:
- TšoenepoxKit ea Genome e Felletseng ea Virus Universal (Li-PCR tse ngata tsa NGS) (HWTS-TW0042):
- Nako ea ho fetola: lihora tse 6-8
- ≥98% ea ho koaheloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso (Ct ≤32)
- Ho lumellana ho tenyetsehang le tse ngata2nd le 3rd molokoli-platform tsa tatellano(ONT, Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
- E utloa bohloko haholoTšoenepoxVaerase Ho Fumana Genome E FelletsengLikiti (Leseli/MGI) (HWTS-TW0041/0043):
- Moeli oa ho lemoha: Ct ≤35
- Moralo oa primer ea boima bo phahameng (1,448)lipara tsa 200bpli-amplicons)
- E netefalitsoe ka disampole tsa bongaka tse fetang 400
- Fho lumellana habonolo le tse ngata2nd molokoli-platform tsa tatellano(Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
Lipalopalo tsa Bongaka tsa Tatellano ea Genome e Felletseng ea Vaerase ea Mpox
Ho ajoa ha Sequencing ea Genome e Felletseng ea Virus ea Mpox
Dikiti tsena tsa Mpox WGS di tshehetsa thuto ya mafu a genomic a nang le qeto e phahameng, ho kenyeletswa le ho latela phetoho ya diphetoho, ho etsa 'mapa wa phetiso, le tlhahlobo ya ho iphetola ha dintho ka tsela e fapaneng.
5. Qetello: Ho Ntšetsa Pele Taolo ea Mpox ea Lefatše ka Bokhabane ba Saense
Ho tswela pele ha phallo ya madi lefatsheng ka bophara le ho fapanyetsana ha dijini tsa MPXV ho hloka leano la tlhahlobo ya maemo a mangata le kenyeletsang tlhahlobo e potlakileng, tlhahlobo e netefatsang ya dimolek'hule, le tlhokomelo ya genomic.
Tikoloho e felletseng ea tlhahlobo ea Macro & Micro-Test e bonts'a boqapi bo matla ba saense libakeng tse ngata tsa theknoloji, ho kenyeletsoa liteko tsa immunoassay, amplification ea isothermal, PCR ea nako ea sebele, le tatellano ea moloko o latelang. Litharollo tsena ha li shebane feela le litlhoko tsa hajoale tsa bongaka le tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba empa hape li tsamaisana le maemo a machaba le mekhoa e mecha ea tlhahlobo.
Ka ho nolofalletsa ho lemoha ka potlako, ho khetholla ka nepo mahlakore a fapaneng, le ho beha leihlo genomic ka nako ea sebele, k'hamphani e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho matlafatseng boitokisetso ba lefats'e le karabelo ho mpox le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang a hlahang.
Litšupiso:
[1] WHO. Litlaleho tsa Boemo ba Lefatše ba Mpox. Hlakubele, 2026, Geneva: Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo; 2026
[2] WHO. Taolo ea Bongaka le Thibelo ea Tšoaetso bakeng sa Mpox. Mots'eanong 2025, Geneva: Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo; 2025
Nako ea poso: Hlakubele-31-2026